Contemporary Theories of Political Economy Assignment

Contemporary Theories of Political Economy - Assignment Example Power in such regimes is completely centralized enabling power to concentrate on a few people and all those who dare to challenge or oppose them are cut out. Corruption and other forms of oppression are used to ensure that this person stays in power. The rules in most instances are not sensible but the people are sanctioned to fear rather than respect the laws as the rules are not aimed at improving the relationship between the leaders and the ones being led but to keep the leader in power.   In authoritarian regimes power is concentrated on an individual dictator, a group of dictators (junta) or a group of political elite individuals. The power they seek to control is political power. While a totalitarian regime is focused on all aspects of the state even private life’s for instance in Libya the north African state during the Gaddafi era. Totalitarianism stemmed from Italian fascism. In the 1920’s leaders such as Benito Mussolini were striving to sell dictatorship in a new package such that it would acceptable to the people. The Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile an Italian philosopher played a big role in making people see this system in a positive light. Seeing as this was a new political system, it blossomed because of the curiosity, people wanted to see whether or not this system would work and whether it was going to be beneficial to both the leaders and the people. At around this time (1920-1930) most state leaders were striving to unite their people as there was political tension due to world war one. This was after all the period countries were gearing to world war.

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Salem Witch Trials - Research Paper Example During the seventeenth century, in accordance to British laws, colonists, who had been discovered to work with the devil or practice witchcraft, were considered as committing a felony.3 The first arrest for the alleged witches happened on February 29, 1692. The trials ended on October 29, 1692, after nineteen people were hanged and around 156 people were imprisoned.4 This paper describes the developments leading to the Salem Witch Trials. It provides a brief history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the events during the trials, as well as key personalities. It will also discuss what historians and researchers think are the reasons for the Salem Witch trials. They range from the feminist and economic analyses. They believed that the Salem Witch Trials is a product of public hysteria, the economic manipulation of the ministers, bitter and unresolved local conflicts, Puritan theocracy, and the influence of cultural stereotypes regarding witches. Brief History of Salem Village In 160 9, Henry Hudson led the exploration of Massachusetts Bay. In 1620, pilgrims arrived on the Mayflower and created Plymouth. Six years afterwards, the Naumkeag Indians lived at numerous sites in Massachusetts. In addition, Roger Conant made Salem a trading post. In 1620, settlers wanted to â€Å"purify† the Calvinist Church and established strong Puritan beliefs and practices. The Massachusetts Bay Company formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony.5 A royal charter provided them the right to manage the Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Endecott soon started the first plantation in Salem.6 One year after, John Winthrop was appointed as the new governor and travelled to Massachusetts. In 1638, a small group of Puritans settled at what was then called as Salem Village. Throughout the pre-1692 period, before the witchcraft trials commenced, conflict developed in Massachusetts. Roach stressed: [t]he Salem witchcraft trials erupted during an eight-year war [King William’s War] while Ma ssachusetts steered an unauthorized government with a nearly empty treasury through the hazards of French imperialism, Algonquin resentment, and English suspicion.7 The charter government increased the colonists’ unconstructive attitude toward civil authority.8 The villagers did not appreciate the double layer of authority imposed on them. In 1672, Salem Village was provided the authority to start a parish, hire a minister, and collect taxes for community projects. They created the Salem Village Parish and selected Samuel Parris to be their minister. In January 1692, the child and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris showed a bizarre form of sickness. His nine-year old daughter, Betty, and his niece, eleven-year-old Abigail Williams hid under chairs, contorted their bodies, lashed out their tongues, and spoke in outlandish languages.9 Without a physical explanation, Griggs stressed that the girls were bewitched. In February of the same year, Magistrates Jonathan Hathorne and Jonat han Corwin â€Å"examined† the witnesses.10 In May, Governor William Phipps created the Special Court of Oyer and Terminer to â€Å"hear and determine† the witch cases.11 Several months after that, nineteen of the accused were hanged, while hundreds were detained. The Events and Personalities of the Salem Witch Trials After what happened to the girls of the Parris’